Subject

Scenario

Suggested statement of compliance

Animals: Include the statement of compliance with standards of research involving animals.

If your work includes animals, it is necessary to have a statement of compliance with research standards involving animals.

All procedures performed in studies involving animals followed all international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals.

If you publish an article and there are reasons to believe that you could have used animals but did not.

This article does not contain any studies involving animals performed by any of the authors.

Humans: Include the statement of compliance with standards of research involving humans.

If your work does not include humans as subjects, you may finish the ethical statement to include.

This article does not contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors.

If your work involves humans as a subject, you had to receive ethics approval.

An application for full ethical approval was made to the [committee/Institutional Review Board] and ethics consent was received on [date]. The ethics approval number is [full ethics approval number].

If your work involves humans as a subject, but you received an ethics waiver.

An application for full ethical approval was made to the [committee/Institutional Review Board] and ethics consent was received on [date]. The ethics waiver number is [full number]. The [committee/Institutional Review Board] issued an ethics waiver for the study because [reason for the ethics waiver].

Additional statements: If your work involves humans, it is necessary to include one of the above and the following two additional statements.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.^a

Informed Consent: [Written/Verbal] informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. [If verbal informed consent was obtained, the reason(s) for the absence of written consent must be provided.]

Plant material and/or organisms: Include the statement of compliance with standards of research involving genetically modified, endangered or protected organisms and/or plants.

If your work involves genetically modified, endangered, or protected organisms, plant material, or requires bioprospecting, biodiversity, or conservation-related permits, you must include a statement confirming compliance with the relevant research standards.

All ethical considerations, institutional and international standards for research integrity, have been strictly followed in this study. The research adheres to all relevant ethical guidelines applicable to plant research. No activities involving genetically modified, endangered or protected organisms requiring special ethical approval were conducted. Any potential environmental or conservation concerns were carefully assessed and managed in accordance with established international best practices.

Scenario

Suggested thesis-based disclosures

Example 1 – no overlap with published thesis

This article is based on research originally conducted as part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] [master’s/doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year]. The thesis was supervised by [Supervisor(s) Full Name(s), no salutations needed]. The thesis was reworked, revised, and adapted into a journal article for publication. The original thesis is available at: [Thesis URL].

Example 2 – some overlap with published thesis

This article includes content that overlaps with research originally conducted as part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]’s [master’s/doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year]. The thesis was supervised by [Supervisor Full Name(s), no salutations needed]. Portions of the data, analysis, and discussion have been revised, updated, and adapted for publication as a journal article. The original thesis is publicly available at: [Thesis URL]. The author affirms that this article complies with ethical standards for secondary publication, and appropriate acknowledgement has been made of the original work.

Example 3 – unpublished thesis

This article is based on research originally conducted as part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]’s [master’s/doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year]. The thesis is currently unpublished and not publicly available. The thesis was supervised by [Supervisor(s) Full Name(s), no salutations needed]. The thesis was reworked, revised and adapted into a journal article for publication. The author confirms that the content has not been previously published or disseminated and complies with ethical standards for original publication.

Example 4 – no public link available

This article is based on research originally conducted as part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]’s [master’s/doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year]. The thesis was supervised by [Supervisor Full Name(s), no salutations needed]. The thesis was reworked, revised, and adapted into a journal article for publication. The original thesis is currently unpublished and was not publicly available online at the time of publishing this article.

Example 5 – supervisors not included as authors

This article is based on research originally conducted as part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]’s [master’s/doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year]. The thesis was supervised by [Supervisor(s) Full Name(s), no salutations needed]. The supervisors were not involved in the preparation of this article and were not listed as co-authors. Portions of the thesis have been revised, updated, and adapted for publication as a journal article. The original thesis is publicly available at: [Thesis URL].

Example 6 – partial fulfilment for a degree

The research presented in this article formed part of [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]'s postgraduate studies and was originally conducted as part of their [Master’s/Doctoral] thesis titled ‘[Thesis Title]’, submitted to the [Faculty/Department], [University Name] in [Year], under the supervision of [Supervisor(s) Full Name(s)]. The thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the [Master’s/PhD] degree. Portions of the thesis have been revised, updated, and adapted for publication as a journal article. The original thesis is publicly available at: [Thesis URL].

Scenario

Suggested preprint-based disclosures

Example 1

A preprint version of this work was previously published on [Preprint Server Name] ([DOI or link]), and we acknowledge its role in shaping the final article.

Example 2 – preprint feedback incorporated in the final manuscript

We acknowledge the initial version of this work published as a preprint on [Preprint Server Name] ([DOI or link]). Feedback received during the preprint phase was thoroughly considered and incorporated into the article prior to its acceptance for publication.

Example 3

A preprint version of this work was previously published on [Preprint Server Name] ([In-text citation])*.

*[Kindly, include a full reference to the preprint in the reference list.]

Scenario

Suggested conference-based disclosures

Example 1 – based on a conference paper

This article is based on a conference paper originally presented at [Conference Name], held in [Location], on [Date(s)]. The conference paper, titled '[Original Paper Title],' was subsequently expanded and revised for this journal publication. This republication is done with permission from the conference organisers.

Example 2 – based on a conference abstract

This article is based on research previously presented in abstract form at [Conference Name], held in [Location] on [Date(s)]. The abstract has since been developed into a full article, which has been expanded and revised for journal publication. This republication is done with permission from the conference organisers.

Example 3 – based on a conference poster

This article is based on research originally presented as a poster at [Conference Name], held in [Location] on [Date(s)]. The content has since been expanded and revised for journal publication. This republication is done with permission from the conference organisers.

Scenario

Suggested competing interest statements

Example 1

The [author or authors], [Authors' full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.

Example 2

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] has reported [that they have a financial and/or business interest in, OR are a consultant to, OR received funding from] a company that may be affected by the research reported in the enclosed publication. They have disclosed those interests fully and have in place an approved plan for managing any potential conflicts arising from that involvement.

Example 3

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] developed the theoretical formalism, performed the analytic calculations and performed the numerical simulations. Both [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] contributed to the final version of the article. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] supervised the project.

Example 4

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] conceived and planned the experiments. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] carried out the experiments. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] planned and carried out the simulations. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] contributed to sample preparation. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] contributed to the interpretation of the results. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] took the lead in writing the article. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and article.

Example 5

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] designed the model and the computational framework and analysed the data. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] carried out the implementation. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] performed the calculations. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] wrote the article with input from all authors. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] conceived the study and were in charge of overall direction and planning.

Example 6

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] designed and performed the experiments, derived the models and analysed the data. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] assisted with [specify] measurements, and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] helped carry out the [specify] simulations. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] wrote the article in consultation with [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname].

Example 7

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] devised the project, the main conceptual ideas and a proof outline. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] worked out almost all of the technical details and performed the numerical calculations for the suggested experiment. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] worked out the bounds for quantum mechanics, with help from [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] verified the numerical results of the [specify] by an independent implementation. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] proposed the [specify] experiment in discussions with [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]  and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] wrote the article.

Example 8

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] designed the study. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] performed the [specify] experiments. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] performed [specify] simulations. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] expressed and purified all proteins. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] analysed the data. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] wrote the paper with input from all authors.

Example 9

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] designed and directed the project; [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] performed the experiments. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]  and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] analysed spectra. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] made the simulations. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] developed the theoretical framework. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] and [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] wrote the article.

Example 10 - Funding

The [author or authors], [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], of this publication received research funding from [entity], which is developing products related to the research described in this publication. In addition, the [author or authors] serve as consultants to [entity] and receive compensation for these services. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the [university name/institution name] in accordance with its policy on objectivity in research.

Example 11 - Support

The [author or authors], [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], of this publication receive research support from [name of research sponsor] with an equipment loan from [entity]. The [author/authors] also [have an equity interest in, serve as a consultant to, serve on an advisory board or board of directors for] [entity]. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the [university name/institution name] in accordance with its policy on objectivity in research.

Example 12 - Editorial Board Member for this journal (before peer review)

The [author or authors], [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], serve as an editorial board [member or members] of this journal. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname] has no other competing interests to declare.

Example 13 - Editorial Board Member for this journal (after peer review)

The author(s) declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article. The [author or authors], [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], serve as an editorial board [member to members] of this journal. The peer review process for this submission was handled independently, and the [author or authors] had no involvement in the editorial decision-making process for this article. The [author or authors] have no other competing interests to declare.

Example 14 - Membership in a political or ideological movement

The [author or authors], [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], declare(s) that they are an official member of [Name of Movement/Organisation]. They have disclosed this affiliation fully and confirm that it has not influenced the design, conduct, or reporting of the research presented in this article.

CRediT’s 14 Contributor Roles

Contributor Roles Defined 

Conceptualisation

Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims. 

Data curation

Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use. 

Formal analysis

Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesise study data. 

Funding acquisition

Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. 

Investigation

Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection. 

Methodology

Development or design of methodology; creation of models. 

Project administration

Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution. 

Resources

Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools. 

Software

Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components. 

Supervision

Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team. 

Validation

Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs. 

Visualisation

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualisation/data presentation. 

Writing - original draft

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation). 

Writing - review & editing

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. 

Scenario

Suggested CRediT formulations

Example 1 - Multi-Authored Manuscript

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]: [CRediT authorship taxonomy roles]. [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]: [CRediT authorship taxonomy roles]. All authors reviewed the article, contributed to the discussion of results, approved the final version for submission and publication, and take responsibility for the integrity of its findings.

Example 2 - Single-Author Manuscript

[Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]: [CRediT authorship taxonomy roles]. The author confirms that this work is entirely their own, has reviewed the article, approved the final version for submission and publication, and takes full responsibility for the integrity of its findings.

Scenario

Suggested funding statements

Example 1

The [author or authors] disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the [research, authorship, and/or publication of this article]. This work was supported by the [council] (grant number: [specify]).

Example 2

This work was supported by the [entity/organisation/trust] (grant number: [specify]), the [fund/institution] (grant number: [specify]) and the [council] (grant number: [specify]).

Example 3

The [author or authors] received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Availability of data

Suggested data availability statements

Example 1 - Data openly available in a public repository that issues datasets with DOIs

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name e.g ‘figshare’] at http://doi.org/[doi], reference number [reference number].

Example 2 - Data openly available in a public repository that does not issue DOIs

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [URL], reference number [reference number].

Example 3 - Data derived from public domain resources

The data that support the findings of this study are available in [repository name] at [URL/DOI], reference number [reference number]. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: [list resources and URLs]

Example 4 - Data available within the article or its supplementary materials

The [author or authors] confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.

Example 5 - Data generated at a central, large-scale facility, available upon request

Raw data were generated at [facility name]. Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], on reasonable request.

Example 6 - Embargo on data due to commercial restrictions

The data that support the findings will be available in [repository name] at [URL / DOI link] following a [x month] embargo from the date of publication to allow for the commercialisation of research findings.

Example 7 - Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname]. The data are not publicly available due to [restrictions, e.g. their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants].

Example 8 - Data subject to third-party restrictions

The data that support the findings of this study are available from [third party]. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under licence for this study. Data are available [from the authors / at URL] with the permission of [third party].

Example 9 - Data available on request from the authors

The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to [reasons of sensitivity, e.g. human data] and are available from the corresponding author, [Author's full first name, initials for any subsequent names, followed by full surname], upon reasonable request [include information on the data’s location, e.g. in a controlled access repository where relevant].

Example 10 - Data sharing not applicable – no new data generated

Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

Scenario

Suggested disclaimer statement

Example 1

The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the [author or authors] and are the product of professional research. They do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any affiliated institution, funder, agency, or that of the publisher. The [author or authors] are responsible for this article's results, findings, and content.